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''Pseudomonas aeruginosa '' is a common Gram-negative bacterium that can cause disease in plants and animals, including humans. It is citrate, catalase, and oxidase positive. It is found in soil, water, skin flora, and most man-made environments throughout the world. It thrives not only in normal atmospheres, but also in hypoxic atmospheres, and has, thus, colonized many natural and artificial environments. It uses a wide range of organic material for food; in animals, its versatility enables the organism to infect damaged tissues or those with reduced immunity. The symptoms of such infections are generalized inflammation and sepsis. If such colonizations occur in critical body organs, such as the lungs, the urinary tract, and kidneys, the results can be fatal. Because it thrives on moist surfaces, this bacterium is also found on and in medical equipment, including catheters, causing cross-infections in hospitals and clinics. It is implicated in hot-tub rash. It is also able to decompose hydrocarbons and has been used to break down tarballs and oil from oil spills. ==Identification== It is a Gram-negative, aerobic, bacillus bacterium with unipolar motility.〔 〕 An opportunistic human pathogen, ''P. aeruginosa'' is also an opportunistic pathogen of plants.〔 〕 ''P. aeruginosa'' is the type species of the genus ''Pseudomonas'' (Migula).〔 〕 ''P. aeruginosa'' secretes a variety of pigments, including pyocyanin (blue-green), pyoverdine (yellow-green and fluorescent), and pyorubin (red-brown). King, Ward, and Raney developed ''Pseudomonas'' agar P (King A medium) for enhancing pyocyanin and pyorubin production, and ''Pseudomonas'' agar F (King B medium) for enhancing fluorescein production. ''P. aeruginosa'' is often preliminarily identified by its pearlescent appearance and grape-like or tortilla-like odor ''in vitro''. Definitive clinical identification of ''P. aeruginosa'' often includes identifying the production of both pyocyanin and fluorescein, as well as its ability to grow at 42°C. ''P. aeruginosa'' is capable of growth in diesel and jet fuels, where it is known as a hydrocarbon-using microorganism (or "HUM bug"), causing microbial corrosion.〔 It creates dark, gellish mats sometimes improperly called "algae" because of their appearance. Although classified as an aerobic organism, ''P. aeruginosa'' is considered by many as a facultative anaerobe, as it is well adapted to proliferate in conditions of partial or total oxygen depletion. This organism can achieve anaerobic growth with nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor, and, in its absence, it is also able to ferment arginine by substrate-level phosphorylation. Adaptation to microaerobic or anaerobic environments is essential for certain lifestyles of ''P. aeruginosa'', for example, during lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients, where thick layers of lung mucus and alginate surrounding mucoid bacterial cells can limit the diffusion of oxygen. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pseudomonas aeruginosa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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